Rudolf Tobias (29 May [O.S. 17 May] 1873 – 29 October 1918) was the first Estonian professional composer, as well as a professional organist. He studied at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. His compositions include among others piano works, string quartets and an oratorio, Des Jona Sendung (Jonah's Mission) (1908, revised and premiered 1909, later reconstructed by Vardo Rumessen).

Rudolf Tobias (29. mai 1873 Käina, Hiiumaa – 29. oktoober 1918 Berliin) oli eesti helilooja, organist ja koorijuht, kes omandas esimese eestlasena akadeemilise muusikalise erihariduse nii helilooja kui ka organisti erialal.